During the summer of 2005 several states filed actions against non profit credit counseling agencies. In fact, the State of Maine sued and won against a non profit NFCC member.
Essentially the same lawsuit could be filed against any of the Credit counseling agencies.
In order to clean up the mess, the IRS proposed new rules changes in October of 2005, which went into effect later in the year.
The rules changes explicitly detail what activities a non profit may engage and their relationship to for profit entities.
As it applies to non profit credit counseling, here is the functional analysis:
Credit counseling agencies that do not charge fees make their money from "fair share". Fair share is a percentage of the money sent to the creditor, which the creditor then sends back to the agency.
Historically it was a nice system, however, there is a conflict of interest. How can the non profit protect the consumer from the creditor who pays the non profit? What it really was, was kinder, gentler collections, as the agencies still must conform to the requirements of the creditor, rather than act entirely in the interest of the consumer.
AS the IRS rules apply: no non profit may engage in commercial activity. Collecting money from consumers for a fee (either paid by the consumer or the creditor) constitues a commercial activity and therefor is impermissible under the non profit rules. What this means, is that any non profit which makes its money from collecting payments from consumers for debt management plans is in violation of the non profit rules.
Secondly, collecting payments from consumers to pay for profit creditors benefits the creditors. The creditors even pay for the service via "fair share". This is not permissible under the non profit rules as the activity of the non profit benefits a for profit company.
Therefore, any non profit that collects money from consumers to pay creditors and is paid to do so will lose its non profit status. As most states prohibit the activity unless the entity is a licensed collector, non profit, or attorney, these agenceies are then operating illegally.
If anyone is interested in learning more (as this is but a brief synopsis) please feel free to contact me.