First of all, every state is different ... I am familiar with Illinois laws.
An unsecured creditor (credit cards, PDLs, etc) cannot just obtain a lien on your property at will. They would need to go through the court process and obtain a judgment first. And that does mean you would be summoned into court.
In Illinois, a judgment automatically acts as a lien on any real estate you own. To become perfected, the creditor usually needs to file a memorandum of judgment with the County Recorder of Deeds. Albeit a judgment lien is subordinate to other liens like your mortgage (so they usually cannot attempt to actually foreclose); but when you go to sell the house, the judgment needs to be paid off before you can sell.
Since you and your husband equally own the house, your individual debts can be reduced to judgment, and can affect the property regardless whether your husband signed or not.